Saeng-Kankunbi-Tang () protects liver against oxidative damage through activation of ERK/Nrf2 pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cytoprotective effects of Saeng-kankunbi-tang (, SKT), a herbal prescription consisting of Artemisia capillaris and Alisma canaliculatum, and its underlying mechanism involved.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In mice, blood biochemistry and histopathology were assessed in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative hepatic injury in vivo. The animal groups included vehicle-treated control, CCl4, SKT 500 mg/(kg day) CCl4+SKT 200 or 500 mg/(kg day). In HepG2 cell, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) induced severe oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. The cyto-protective effects of SKT were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flfluorescence activated cell sorting analysis and western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The administration of SKT prevented liver damage induced by CCl4 in mice, by inhibition of hepatocyte degeneration and inflflammatory cell infifiltration as well as plasma parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (P<0.01). Moreover, treatment with tBHP induced hepatocyte death and cellular reactive oxygen species production in hepatocyte cell line. However, SKT pretreatment (30-300 μg/mL) reduced this cell death and oxidative stress (P<0.01). More importantly, SKT inhibited the ability of tBHP to induce changes in mitochondrial membrane transition in cell stained with rhodamine 123 P<0.01). Furthermore, treatment with SKT induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases-mediated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation as well as the expressions of heme oxygenase 1 and glutamate- cystein ligase catalytic, Nrf2 target genes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SKT has the ability to protect hepatocyte against oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage mediated by Nrf2 activation.</p>

Voice Analysis after the Vertical Partial Laryngectomy / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is generally believed that reconstruction of the glottic region after vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL) can improve glottic and supraglottic function. But reports on secondary healing without glottic reconstruction after VPL are lacking. This study attempts to obtain an objective phonatory data after VPL without glottic reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1993 to 2001, 13 patients, who had been treated with VPL without glottic reconstruction, and 44 patients who underwent VPL were included in this study. Patients who had been followed up postoperatively less than 12 months were excluded from this study. Seven lesions were classified as T1 glottic cancer and six as T2 glottic cancer ; classic VPL (11 cases) and frontolateral VPL (2 cases). For the evaluation of voice, acoustic (fundamental frequency (Fo), jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR)), aerodynamic (maximal phonation time (MPT), mean flow rate (MFR)) analysis and videostroboscopy were done. RESULTS: There were significant differences in Fo, jitter, shimmer, NHR, MPT and MFR between VPL group and the normal control group. In videostroboscopy, the following tendencies were observed in many cases: incopmplete glottic closure, decreased and irregular mucosal wave and amplitude, supraglottic voicing, abnormal arytenoid movement and anterior commissure blunting. CONCLUSION: We had objective phonatory data after VPL without glottic reconstruction, which showed that voice quality after VPL without glottic reconstruction were somewhat unsatisfactory. Further studies on other surgical techniques of VPL would help to elucidate better ways of improving voice quality in these patients.

Vocal Analysis after Vertical Partial Laryngectomy

It is generally believed that a reconstruction of the glottic region after a vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL) can improve the glottic and supraglottic function. However, there is a paucity of reports on secondary healing without a glottic reconstruction after a VPL. The aim of this study was to obtain objective phonatory data after a VPL without a glottic reconstruction. From 1993 to 2001, 13 patients, who had been treated with VPL without a glottic reconstruction, were enrolled in this study. Patients with a postoperative follow up of less than 12 months were excluded. Seven lesions were classified as T1 glottic cancer and six as T2 glottic cancer- standard VPL (11 cases) and frontolateral VPL (2 cases). Acoustic ( (fundamental frequency, Fo), jitter, shimmer, the noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) ), aerodynamic (maximal phonation time (MPT), mean flow rate (MFR) ) analysis and videostroboscopy were performed to evaluate the voice. There were significant differences in the Fo, jitter, shimmer, NHR, MPT and MFR between the VPL group and normal control group. In videostroboscopy, the following tendencies were observed in many cases: incomplete glottic closure, a decreased and irregular mucosal wave and amplitude, supraglottic voicing, abnormal arytenoid movement and anterior commissure blunting. Objective phonatory data after VPL without a glottic reconstruction was obtained. The voice quality after a VPL without a glottic reconstruction was somewhat unsatisfactory. A further comparison with other different surgical techniques of a VPL would help determine a better way of improving the voice quality in these patients.

Monitoring of PETCO2 during High Frequency Jet Ventilation for Laryngomicrosurgery

In general, PETCO2 is well correlated with PaCO2 during spontaneous and conventional mechanical ventilation in normal lungs. However, it is known that during high frequency jet ventilation, PETCO2 may underestimate PaCO2 because of inadequate washout of the anatomical dead space by a small tidal volume and the relatively slow response time of infrared CO2 analyzers. The validity of PETCO2 as a reflection of PaCO2 was assessed during HFJV in 40 patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery. HFJV was applied through an injector inserted into the trachea 6 cm below the vocal cord. PETCO2 was obtained from a sampling line placed 2 cm below the injector. Both PETCO2 and PaCO2 were measured simultaneously after decreasing the frequency from 100 beats per minute to 15 beats per minute 10 and 20 minutes after the commencement of HFJV. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.955, P < 0.001) and a good correspondence between the mean PETCO2 and PaCO2 values with an average difference of 1.93 +/- 1.21 mmHg and a limit of agreement from -0.49 to 4.35 mmHg. It is suggested that the PETCO2 obtained following a decrease in the jet frequency during HFJV could closely reflect PaCO2.

A Case of Pulmonary Hypertension and Left Vocal Cord Palsy in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / 대한류마티스학회지

There have been few case reports on the association of vocal cord palsy and pulmonary hypertension in a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient. Most cases had left vocal cord palsy caused by compression of left recurrent laryngeal nerve secondary to pulmonary hypertension, and only two cases in the literature were caused by vasculitis or inflammation of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve not related to pulmonary hypertension. Recently, we have experienced a 23-year-old female patient who presented hoarseness and multiple joint pain. She was diagnozed as SLE and left vocal cord palsy, and echocardiographic examination demonstrated enlargement of right atrium, right ventricle, and elevated right ventricular pressure (systolic pressure 47mmHg). She took high-dose glucocorticoid and calcium channel blocker. About one month later, there was significant improvement of hoarseness, arthritis, and cardiomegaly, and showed improvement of the left vocal cord palsy on the laryngoscopic examination. We report a case of left vocal cord palsy and pulmonary hypertension accompanied by SLE who experienced improvement of hoarseness after steroid treatment.

Experimental studies on the effect of RLN anastomosis and PCAremoval on phonation / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.

Buccal fat pad transfer as a pedicled flap for facial augmentation

No abstract available.

Modified reduction genitoplasty

No abstract available.

CT findings of the nose and paranasal sinuses in chromium intoxication

We performed computed tomography (CT) of the nose and paranasal sinuses in 21 patients with chromium induced septal perforation or thinning. Twenty patients showed various magnitudes of septal perforation. Twelve of 20 had perforation at the mid portion of the cartilaginous nasal septum. One patient had a sheet-like thinning of septal cartilage. Sixteen patients had mucosal thinning of the nasal conchas. In most cases, unilateral involvement of the inferior concha was seen. Eleven of 21 cases showed paranasal sinus mucosal thickening and one patient had a cyst or polyp in the sinus cavity. The main finding was nodular thickening of mucosa. Septal perforation by inhalation of chromic acid was located in the cartilaginous septum and there was no destruction of the bony septum and wall of the sinuses.

CT findings of the nose and paranasal sinuses in chromium intoxication

We performed computed tomography (CT) of the nose and paranasal sinuses in 21 patients with chromium induced septal perforation or thinning. Twenty patients showed various magnitudes of septal perforation. Twelve of 20 had perforation at the mid portion of the cartilaginous nasal septum. One patient had a sheet-like thinning of septal cartilage. Sixteen patients had mucosal thinning of the nasal conchas. In most cases, unilateral involvement of the inferior concha was seen. Eleven of 21 cases showed paranasal sinus mucosal thickening and one patient had a cyst or polyp in the sinus cavity. The main finding was nodular thickening of mucosa. Septal perforation by inhalation of chromic acid was located in the cartilaginous septum and there was no destruction of the bony septum and wall of the sinuses.